关于外商投资举办投资性公司的暂行规定(附英文)（已废止）
对外贸易经济合作部
关于外商投资举办投资性公司的暂行规定(附英文)
1995年4月4日，外经贸部
为了促进外国投资者来华投资，引进国外先进技术和管理经验，允许外国投资者根据中国有关外国投资的法律、法规及本规定，在中国设立投资性公司（以下简称投资公司）。
第一条 本规定中投资公司系指外国投资者在中国以独资或与中国投资者合资的形式设立的从事直接投资的公司。公司形式为有限责任公司。
第二条 申请设立投资公司应符合下列条件：
（一）1、外国投资者资信良好，拥有举办投资公司所必需的经济实力，申请前一年该投资者的资产总额不低于4亿美元，且该投资者在中国境内已设立了外商投资企业，其实际缴付的注册资本的出资额超过1000万美元，并有三个以上拟投资项目的项目建议书已获得批准，或者：
2、外国投资者资信良好，拥有举办投资公司所必需的经济实力，该投资者在中国境内已设立了10个以上从事生产或基础设施建设的外商投资企业，其实际缴付的注册资本的出资额超过3000万美元；
（二）以合资方式设立投资公司的，中国投资者应为资信良好，拥有举办投资公司所必需的经济实力，其资产总额不低于1亿元人民币；
（三）投资公司的注册资本不低于3000万美元。
第三条 申请设立投资公司，投资者应将下列文件经拟设立投资公司所在地的省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市外经贸部门审核同意后，报对外贸易经济合作部（以下简称外经贸部）审查批准。
（一）设立合资的投资公司的项目建议书、投资各方签署的可行性研究报告、合同、章程；
设立独资的投资公司外国投资者签署的项目建议书、外资企业申请表、可行性研究报告、章程；
（二）投资各方的资信证明文件、注册登记证明文件（复印件）和法人代表证明文件（复印件）；
（三）外国投资者已投资企业的批准证书（复印件）、营业执照（复印件）和中国注册会计师出具的验资报告（复印件）；
（四）投资各方近三年的资产负债表；
（五）外经贸部要求的其他文件。
上述文件除已注明为复印件的，一律应为正式文件。
非法定代表人签署文件的，应出具法定代表人的委托授权书。
委托依法设立的中介机构代为办理申请手续的，应出具由投资者法定代表人签署的委托授权书。
第四条 外国投资者须以可自由兑换的货币作为投资公司注册资本的出资，中国投资者可以人民币出资。出资应在营业执照签发之日起两年内全部缴清。
第五条 投资公司经批准可以经营以下部分或全部业务：
（一）在国家鼓励和允许外商投资的工业、农业、基础设施、能源等领域进行投资；
（二）投资公司可受其所投资企业的书面委托（经董事会一致通过），向其提供下列服务：
1、协助或代理其所投资的企业从国内外采购该企业自用的机器设备、办公设备和生产所需的原材料、元器件、零部件和在国内外销售其所投资企业生产的产品，并提供售后服务；
2、在外汇管理部门的同意和监督下，在其所投资企业之间平衡外汇；
3、协助其所投资企业招聘人员并提供技术培训、市场开发及咨询；
4、协助其所投资企业寻求贷款及提供担保。
（三）投资公司为其投资者提供咨询服务。
第六条 本规定第五条第二款所述投资公司所投资企业系指：
（一）投资公司直接投资或与其他外国投资者和／或中国投资者共同投资，投资公司或与其他外国投资者的出资占所投资设立企业注册资本25％以上的企业；
（二）投资公司将其投资者或其关联公司及其他外国投资者在中国境内已投资设立的企业的股权部分或全部收购，而使投资公司以及其他外国投资者的出资额占该已设立企业注册资本25％以上的企业。
除经外经贸部特殊批准，投资公司只能为以上所述的其所投资设立的企业提供第五条第二款所规定的服务。
投资公司不能代替其投资者在中国从事贸易中介服务。
第七条 经中国人民银行批准，投资公司可向其所投资设立的企业提供财务支持。
第八条 根据投资公司拟设立的项目性质，按照国家有关外商投资企业经营期限的规定核定投资公司的期限。
第九条 投资公司投资设立企业，按外商投资企业的审批权限及审批程序另行报批。
第十条 投资公司投资设立企业，投资公司或与其他外国投资者的外汇投资比例不低于其所投资设立企业的注册资本的25％的，其所投资的企业享受外商投资企业待遇，发给外商投资企业批准证书和外商投资企业营业执照。
第十一条 符合本规定第二条第（一）款第1项所规定条件的外国投资者可以其全资拥有的子公司的名义出资设立投资公司。
第十二条 申请设立投资公司的投资者须向审批机关出具担保函，保证其所设立的投资公司在中国境内投资时的注册资本的出资和技术转让。
以全资拥有的子公司的名义设立投资公司的，其母公司须向审批机关出具担保函，保证其子公司按审批机关批准的条件完成对其所设立投资公司注册资本的出资并保证该投资公司在中国境内所投资时的注册资本的出资和技术转让。
第十三条 投资公司在中国境内的投资活动不受公司注册地点的限制。
第十四条 投资公司的税收按中国有关法律、法规办理。
第十五条 投资公司应切实履行项目投资计划，并将每一年度的投资情况于下一年度的前三个月内报外经贸部备案。
第十六条 投资公司与其投资设立的企业是彼此独立的法人或实体，其业务往来应按独立企业之间业务往来关系处理。
第十七条 投资公司与其投资设立的企业应遵守中国的法律、法规，不得采用任何手段逃避管理和纳税。
第十八条 台湾、香港和澳门地区的投资者在大陆投资举办投资公司的，准用本规定。
第十九条 本规定由对外贸易经济合作部负责解释。
第二十条 本规定自发布之日起施行。
Provisional Regulations of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Eco-nomic Cooperation on the Establishment of Investment Companies by ForeignInvestors
(Promulgated on April 4, 1995)
Whole document
Provisional Regulations of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic
Cooperation on the Establishment of Investment Companies by Foreign
Investors
(Promulgated on April 4, 1995)
In order to promote foreign investment in China and to introduce
foreign advanced technology and managerial expertise, foreign investors
are permitted to establish investment companies (hereinafter referred to
as "investment company") in China in accordance with the Chinese laws and
regulations governing foreign investment and these Regulations.
Article 1
For the purpose of these Regulations, the term "Investment Company"
means a company that is engaged in direct investment and established by
foreign investors in China in the form of either a wholly foreign owned
enterprise or an equity joint venture with Chinese investors. The
investment company shall take the form of a limited liability company.
Article 2
To apply for approval to establish an investment company, the
following conditions shall be fulfilled:
(1)
(a) the foreign investor having a good credit and the economic
strength necessary for the establishment of an investment company; the
total amount of the investor's assets during the year preceding the
application being no be less than US $ 400 million, and the investor
having already established foreign-invested enterprise (s) within the
territory of China; and the amount of the investor's actually paid-in
capital contribution to the registered capital thereof exceeding US $ 10
million. Furthermore, more than three project proposals of the investor's
intended investment projects have been approved; or
(b) the foreign investor having a good credit and the economic
strength necessary for the establishment of an investment company; the
investor have already established more than 10 foreign-invested
enterprises in the people's Republic of China which are engaged in
production or infrastructure construction, and the total amount of the
investor's actually paid-in capital contribution to the registered capital
thereof exceeding US $ 30 million.
(2) In case the investment company is to be established in the form of
an Chinese-foreign equity joint venture, the Chinese investor shall have
good creditability and the economic strength necessary for the
establishment of such company, and the total amount of the Chinese
investor's assets shall not be less than RMB100 million. and
(3)the registered capital of the investment company being not be less
than US $ 30 million.
Article 3
To apply for the establishment of an investment company, the investor
shall submit the following documents to the Ministry of Foreign Trade and
Economic Cooperation (hereinafter referred to as "MOFTEC") for examination
and approval after the examination and consent obtained from the foreign
trade and economic cooperation authorities of the related province,
autonomous region, municipalities directly under the Central Government or
the municipalities specifically listed in the State economic plan in which
the investment company is to be located:
(1) If an investment company is to be established in the form of an
equity joint venture: the project proposal for the establishment of the
investment company, and the feasibility study, contract and articles of
association signed jointly by the parties to the investment company; or
If an investment company is to be established in the form of a wholly
foreign-owned enterprise: the project proposal, the wholly foreign-owned
enterprise application form, the feasibility study and articles of
association signed by the foreign investor.
(2) the creditability certificate for each investing party, the
registration certificate (duplicate) and the legal representative
certificate (duplicate);
(3)the approval certificate (s) (duplicate) for the enterprise (s)
already invested by the foreign investor, the business license (s)
(duplicate) and the capital verification report (duplicate) issued by
certified public accountants registered in China;
(4)the balance sheet of each investing party for the previous 3 years;
and
(5)other documents as required by MOFTEC.
All of the aforesaid documents shall be in the original except those
specified as duplicate.
In case the documents are to be signed by a non-legal representative,
a power of attorney issued by the legal representative shall be submitted.
In case the investor entrusts a lawfully established intermediary for
the application formalities, a power of attorney signed by the legal
representative of the investor shall be submitted.
Article 4
The foreign investor shall make its capital contribution to the
registered capital of the investment company in a freely convertible
currency. The Chinese investor may make its capital contribution in
Renminbi. All the capital contribution shall be paid in full within 2
years after the date of issuance of the business license.
Article 5
An investment company, upon approval, may be engaged in part or all
of the following business:
(1)To invest in fields such as industry, agriculture, infrastructure,
energy, etc., to the extent that foreign investment is encouraged or
permitted by the State;
(2)With written entrustment by enterprises with its investment (with
the unanimous approval by the board of directors), an investment company
may provide the following services for such enterprises:
(a)to assist, or act as agent for such enterprises in purchasing
domestically or overseas the machinery, equipment and office appliances
for their own use, and raw materials, components, and parts as being used
by the enterprises for their own production purpose, as well as to
distribute at both domestic and international markets the products
produced by the enterprises with its investment, and to provide
after-sales services;
(b)to balance foreign exchange revenue and expenditure among the
enterprises with its investment with the consent and under the supervision
of the foreign exchange administration authorities;
(c)to assist the enterprises with its investment in the recruitment
and employment of personnel and to provide technical training, market
development and consulting; and
(d) to assist the enterprises with its investment to seek loans and to
provide guarantees. and
(3)An investment company may provide consulting services for its
investors.
Article 6
For the purpose of Item 2, Article 5 of these regulations, enterprises
with investment from the investment company mean:
(1)the enterprises in which an investment company invests directly or
jointly with other foreign investors and/ or Chinese investors, and the
capital contribution of the investment company or of the investment
company together with other foreign investors, accounts for more than
twenty-five per cent of the registered capital of such enterprises already
established; and
(2)the enterprises already established within the territory of China
in which the capital contribution of the investment company and other
foreign investors account for more than twenty-five per cent of the
registered capital of such an enterprise as a result of purchasing part or
all of the shares from its investors, or its affiliated companies or other
foreign investors.
Unless otherwise specifically approved by MOFTEC, an investment
company can only provide services specified in Item 2, Article 5 hereof
for the enterprises with its investment as described above.
An investment company shall not be engaged in intermediary business
service related to trade in China on behalf of its investor(s).
Article 7
Upon the approval by the People's Bank of China, an investment company
may provide financial support for the enterprises with its investment.
Article 8
The term of operation of an investment company shall be examined and
approved in accordance with the relevant state regulations on the term of
operation of foreign-invested enterprises and on the basis of the nature
of the projects intended to be established by the Investment Company.
Article 9
The establishment of an enterprise in which an investment company
invests shall be separately submitted for approval in accordance with the
limits of approval authorization and the approval procedures for the
examination and approval of foreign-invested enterprises.
Article 10
An enterprise established by an investment company whose foreign
exchange investment solely made or together with other foreign investors
is not less than twenty-five per cent of the registered capital of the
enterprise shall enjoy the treatment of a foreign-invested enterprise, and
be issued a foreign-invested enterprise approval certificate and
foreign-invested enterprise business license.
Article 11
A foreign investor, fulfilling the conditions specified in Article 2
Item 1 (a), may contribute capital to and establish an investment company
in the name of its wholly-owned subsidiary.
Article 12
An investor that applies for approval to establish an investment
company shall submit a guarantee letter to the examination and approval
authorities in which it guarantees the capital contribution to the
registered capital and technology transfer by the investment company to
the enterprise(s) to be established when such investment company invests
within the territory of China.
In case an investment company is established in the name of its
wholly-owned subsidiary, the parent company shall provide such a guarantee
letter to the examination and approval authorities in which it guarantees
the capital contribution to the registered capital of the investment
company to be established by its subsidiary in accordance with the
conditions as approved by the examination and approval authorities, as
well as the capital contribution by the investment company to the
registered capital of and the technology transfer to the enterprise (s) to
be established when it invests within the territory of China.
Article 13
The investment activities by an investment company within the
territory of China shall not be limited to the place of its registration.
Article 14
Matters concerning the taxation of an investment company shall be
handled in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of China.
Article 15
An Investment Company shall actually implement its project investment
plan, and its investment situation of the previous year shall be filed
with MOFTEC within the first 3 months of each year.
Article 16
An investment company and the enterprises established with its
investment shall be legal persons or entities independent of each other.
Their business transactions shall be dealt with as normal business
transaction between independent enterprises.
Article 17
An investment company as well as the enterprises established with its
investment shall abide by the laws and regulations of China, and shall not
escape from being administrated and evade paying taxes by any means.
Article 18
These Regulations are applicable as a measure of reference to
investors from the regions of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao carrying out
investment and establishing investment companies in the mainland.
Article 19
The interpretation of these Regulations shall be vested in the
Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation.
Article 20
These Regulations shall be implemented as of the date of their
promulgation.
在依法治监过程的中适用《监狱法》面临的困惑
胡配军
《中华人民共和国监狱法》（以下简称监狱法）是新中国成立以来的第一部有关监狱的重要法典，是我国社会主义法制建设方面的一件大事。它的颁布和实施，对于进一步强化监狱职能、维护社会秩序的稳定有着十分重要的意义。特别是党的十五大以来，伴随着依法治国的观念日渐深入人心，依法治监成为监狱工作者的普遍共识。依法治监必须有法可依，且有法能依。然而笔者觉得我国现行《监狱法》虽然结束了新中国监狱法典空白的历史，使我们当前依法治监的基本方略有法可依，但是由于《监狱法》尚不够完善，在实践过程中，当人们适用它时，难免面临种种现实的困惑，时常会感到一些法律条文有法难依。据此，笔者觉得有必要指出《监狱法》存在的不足，探讨解决的办法，帮助人们摆脱困惑。
一、关于罪犯劳动的法律规定
关于罪犯劳动，《监狱法》共有19条内容涉及这一问题。其中第二条规定：“监狱……根据改造罪犯的需要，组织罪犯从事生产劳动……”第七条第二款规定：“罪犯必须……参加劳动，……”，第六十九条规定：“有劳动能力的罪犯，必须参加劳动”，透过上述规定的具体文字。不难看出，第二条规定告诉我们，如果罪犯需要的不是劳动改造手段，则可以不组织罪犯参加这些劳动，第七条第二款规定则告诉我们：一切罪犯都必须参加劳动，参加劳动是法定的义务。第六十九规定则又表明罪犯参加劳动是有条件的，前提是必须有劳动能力，从实践来看，此条规定所要求的条件实际是空的。监狱劳动的种类多种多样，在监狱能够动荡的罪犯即使不能进行生产性劳动，也可以进行一些力所能及的杂务。对于狱内押犯而言，只存在劳动能力强弱大小的区别，不存在劳动能力有无的区别。笔者认为：罪犯应当参加劳动，劳动是罪犯必须履行不能回避的法定义务，因此对于第四条应去掉“根据改造的需要”几字，第六十九条应改为“有生产能力的罪犯，必须参加生产劳动”。
二、对减刑、假释的适用程序不完善
对减刑、假释，《监狱法》共有6条内容对此作了规定。从减刑的条件、减刑的办理、假释的办理，不当减刑、假释的禁止等方面进行规定。但这些规定并未能全部涵盖减刑、假释的全部适用程序，表现在：第一，人民法院裁定罪犯被减刑、假释时，监狱应当在什么时间内予以告知？《监狱法》对此没有涉及。笔者认为确定对罪犯减刑、但如果监狱机关在接到减刑、假释裁定之后，不及时告知，很容易导致对罪犯合法人身权益的侵犯。曾经有监狱发生过这样的事情，罪犯的刑期在上年底已剩余不多，如果被减刑，则可能被告知之日就是回家之时，然而监狱单位迟迟不予告知，则罪犯亦迟迟不能刑满释放。等后来被告知，真相大白时，却发现罪犯已被多关押数十日。假释更是如此，如果越过了假释开始的期限、而罪犯仍未被告知假释，则不仅人民法院裁定的法律效力受损，而且当事人的合法权益也遭到侵害。笔者认为：对于人民法院裁定的减刑、假释裁定，罪犯能否上诉。《监狱法》第三十四条第二款规定“人民检察院认为人民法院减刑、假释的裁定不当，应当依照刑事诉讼法规定的期限提出抗诉，对于人民检察院抗诉的案件，人民法院应当受理。”笔者认为，人民检察院在这里的抗诉可能因为两种原因。一种是不符合减刑、假释条件的罪犯却被减刑、假释，另一种是应当被减刑、假释的罪犯却被错误地裁定不予减刑、假释。检察监督不可给每一次都能明察秋毫。如果在监狱机关向所在地中级以上人民法院提出合适的减刑、假释时，罪犯的正当权益受到了不公正的对待，罪犯可以用什么办法来维护自己的正当权益呢？笔者认为，无论从理论上分析还是从实践上考察，这种减刑、假释的不当裁决都具有现实可能性，对此应当予以防范，即应当给予罪犯上诉的权利。倘若罪犯对此不能进行上诉，这不仅违背了刑诉法的基本精神，也不利于保护罪犯的正当利益。再者，既然人民检察院可以对中级以上人民法院作出的减刑、假释裁定进行抗诉，罪犯当然应当对应地享有上诉的权利。因此，笔者建议对第三十四条增加第三款，内容为“被监狱机关建议减刑、假释的裁定，有充分理由认为裁定不当，可以在刑事诉讼法规定的期限内提出上诉，人民法院应当受理。”
三、关于监狱侦查权的规定过于简略，不利于实际操作
《监狱法》第六十条规定：“对罪犯在监狱内犯罪的案件，由监狱进行侦查。”一般而言，所谓侦查，根据《刑事诉讼法》第八十二条规定，是指公安机关、人民检察院在办理案件的过程中，依照法律规定进行的专门调查工作和有关的强制措施。可见侦查的具体活动包括两个方面，即进行专门调查工作，采取相关强制措施：这里的强制措施，其种类包括拘传、取保侯审、监视居住、逮捕和拘留。依照《刑事诉讼法》第二百二十五条第二、三款规定：“对罪犯在狱内犯罪的案件由监狱机关进行侦查。”“监狱办理刑事案件时，适用本法的有关规定。”由此不难判定，监狱在作为狱内犯罪案件的侦查时，其拥有的侦查权利同样包括两个方面。但是理论上的应然权力并不代表实践中的实然权力。监狱机关办理刑事案件的实践活动与公安机关、检察机关办理刑事案件在实践方面有很大区别。特别是采取相关强制措施时，这种区别表现得特别明显。因为在这些强制措施中，逮捕的决定权由人民检察院独立行使；拘传适用于未被羁押的嫌疑人；取保候审、监视居住适用于根据案件情况可以不采取羁押方式、不剥夺人身自由权的犯罪嫌疑人；监狱实践可以行使的决定权只剩下拘留决定权。但是，从目前我国已有的立法内容来看，监狱能否能拥有拘留决定权实在是查无实据。有人认为监狱单位狱内犯罪都是在押犯所实施的行为，他们本身已经在押，人身自由已被剥夺，不需要再行拘留。但是这只是考虑到问题的一方面，如果某在押犯被发现有狱内犯罪嫌疑的第二天就是刑满之日，此时是不是要对其行使拘留权呢？如果不对其作出拘留决定，传唤、拘传的最长时间不得超过12小时，而刑满在即。是释放还是不释放呢？如果释放，则不利于案件的侦查；如果不释放，则很有可能会超时超期关押罪犯而造成侵权。依笔者之见，《刑事诉讼法》、《监狱法》既然都规定了监狱对狱内犯罪案件可以行使侦查权？则应该赋予其完整的侦查权；《刑事诉讼法》既然规定“监狱在办理刑事案件时，适用刑诉法的有关规定。”那么，监狱在行使侦查权时，根据实际情况，则应当享有拘留决定权。否则，监狱机关在行使侦查权时，就只能进行专门调查工作，而没有采取强制措施的权力。显然这不是监狱机关侦查权的本意。尽管监狱机关在办理刑事案件时，一般不需要专门行使项权力。但实际应理解为已经行使了这项权力，当上述特殊情况发生时，监狱机关拥有拘留决定权将有助于案件的侦查。因此，笔者认为，对于《监狱法》第六十条，应补充一款称为第二款，即“监狱在进行侦查时，根据情况，可以行使拘留决定权。”
四、监狱经费与监狱生产属性问题
《监狱法》关于监狱经费有明确规定，“国家保障监狱履行罪犯所需经费，监狱人民警察经费、罪犯改造经费、罪犯生产费、监狱人民警察经费、列入国家预算。”“国家提供罪犯劳动必须的生产设施和生产经费。”关于监狱生产，《监狱法》也在多个条款中有所涉及。把这两个内容放在一起进行思考主要是因为监狱经费的原因，制约了监狱生产的属性。
实践中，人们对于监狱生产的属性众说纷纭，主要表现为两种有代表性的观点。一种观点认为，自社会主义市场经济建立以来，我国监狱生产不再在计划经济的旧框框中运行。它置身于市场经济的海洋中，参与市场竞争，受市场经济规律制约，监狱生产完全是一种企业化的生产，追求利润是监狱生产的目的。这种观点进一步认为，正是由于监狱企业生产产品商品化，所以监狱生产的基地才由监狱工厂改称为监狱企业，这种观点颇有道理，也很能代表当前的监狱生产的实际。另一种观点认为，监狱的任务是执行刑罚、惩罚与改造罪犯是监狱的职能，从事商品生产并创造和实现利润不是监狱自身固有的职能。监狱组织罪犯从事生产劳动，其直接目的是以生产劳动作为改造手段和形式，实现改造罪犯的目的，而不是也不应该是直接去追求经济利润。监狱参与市场竞争，其结果只能是以失败而告终。因为监狱的劳动力不是具有人身自由的劳动者，其生产技术能力非常低下，监狱在组织罪犯进行生产时，对劳动力也没有可选择权。因此，监狱生产不具备商品生产的要求，其目的也不是要进行商品生产，它只能是一种产品生产，并由国家负责统收的一种生产形式。这种观点也不无产生道理。全面地考察《监狱法》有关生产与经费的规定，笔者认为，如果监狱经费真正到位，监狱生产就应当是产品生产，而不应当是商品生产。显然两种似乎都有道理的观点是相互矛盾的。造成这种现状的原因主要还在于《监狱法》对于监狱经费的规定与监狱实际得到的经费存在事实上的差距。如果《监狱法》规定的经费能够全额到位，那么监狱就不会再为经费而犯难，也就不需要背着学生的经济包袱，在生产上大做文章。事实上，监狱所需的经费特别是用于罪犯改造的经费只是部分到位，监狱在改造犯人时，其经费缺口仍很大。弥补这个缺口，最合适的办法就是发展监狱生产，创造经济效益，因而监狱又必须进行商品生产。特别是目前，尽管在多数监狱企业的经济发展都很不景气，中国加入WTO的冲击危在旦夕，放弃商品生产要求，走产品生产之路是适时选择，但监狱企业却无法做出选择，因此解决这一矛盾，不仅应从《监狱法》上明确监狱生产的产品生产属性，更要从实际出发，采取有效措施，切实保障监狱经费的全部到位，再不能让监狱为了生产而生产。
