中华人民共和国民用航空器适航管理条例(附英文)
国务院
中华人民共和国民用航空器适航管理条例(附英文)
1987年5月4日，国务院
第一条 为保障民用航空安全，维护公众利益，促进民用航空事业的发展，特制定本条例。
第二条 在中华人民共和国境内从事民用航空器（含航空发动机和螺旋桨，下同）的设计、生产、使用和维修的单位或者个人，向中华人民共和国出口民用航空器的单位或者个人，以及在中华人民共和国境外维修在中华人民共和国注册登记的民用航空器的单位或者个人，均须遵守本条例。
第三条 民用航空器的适航管理，是根据国家的有关规定，对民用航空器的设计、生产、使用和维修，实施以确保飞行安全为目的的技术鉴定和监督。
第四条 民用航空器的适航管理由中国民用航空局（以下简称民航局）负责。
第五条 民用航空器的适航管理，必须执行规定的适航标准和程序。
第六条 任何单位或者个人设计民用航空器，应当持航空工业部对该设计项目的审核批准文件，向民航局申请型号合格证。民航局接受型号合格证申请后，应当按照规定进行型号合格审定；审定合格的，颁发型号合格证。
第七条 任何单位或者个人生产民用航空器，应当具有必要的生产能力，并应当持本条例第六条规定的型号合格证，经航空工业部同意后，向民航局申请生产许可证。民航局接受生产许可证申请后，应当按照规定进行生产许可审定；审定合格的，颁发生产许可证，并按照规定颁发适航证。
任何单位或者个人未按照前款规定取得生产许可证的，均不得生产民用航空器。但本条例第八条规定的除外。
第八条 任何单位或者个人未取得生产许可证，但因特殊需要，申请生产民用航空器的，须经民航局批准。
按照前款规定生产的民用航空器，须经民航局逐一审查合格后，颁发适航证。
第九条 民用航空器必须具有民航局颁发的适航证，方可飞行。
民航局颁发的适航证应当规定该民用航空器所适用的活动类别、证书的有效期限及安全所需的其他条件和限制。
第十条 持有民用航空器生产许可证的单位生产的民用航空器，经国务院有关主管部门批准需要出口时，由民航局签发出口适航证。
第十一条 在中华人民共和国境内飞行的民用航空器必须具有国籍登记证。在中华人民共和国注册登记的民用航空器，具有中华人民共和国国籍，国籍登记证由民航局颁发。民用航空器取得国籍登记证后，必须按照规定在该民用航空器的外表标明国籍登记识别标志。
第十二条 中华人民共和国的任何单位或者个人进口外国生产的任何型号的民用航空器，如系首次进口并用于民用航空活动时，出口民用航空器的单位或者个人必须向民航局申请型号审查。民航局接受申请后，应当按照规定对该型号民用航空器进行型号审查；审查合格的，颁发准予进口的型号认可证书。
第十三条 中华人民共和国的任何单位或者个人租用的外国民用航空器，必须经民航局对其原登记国颁发的适航证审查认可或者另行颁发适航证后，方可飞行。
第十四条 任何单位或者个人的民用航空器取得适航证以后，必须按照民航局的有关规定和适航指令，使用和维修民用航空器，保证其始终处于持续适航状态。
第十五条 加装或者改装已取得适航证的民用航空器，必须经民航局批准，涉及的重要部件、附件必须经民航局审定。
第十六条 中华人民共和国境内和境外任何维修单位或者个人，承担在中华人民共和国注册登记的民用航空器的维修业务的，必须向民航局申请维修许可证，经民航局对其维修设施、技术人员、质量管理系统审查合格，并颁发维修许可证后，方可从事批准范围内的维修业务活动。
第十七条 负责维修并放行在中华人民共和国注册登记的民用航空器的维修技术人员，必须向民航局提出申请，经民航局或者其授权单位考核合格并取得维修人员执照或者相应的证明文件后，方可从事民用航空器的维修并放行工作。
第十八条 民用航空器的适航审查应当收取费用。收费办法由民航局会同财政部制定。
第十九条 民航局有权对生产、使用、维修民用航空器的单位或者个人以及取得适航证的民用航空器进行定期检查或者抽查；经检查与抽查不合格的，民航局除按照本条例的有关规定对其处罚外，还可吊销其有关证件。
第二十条 使用民用航空器进行飞行活动的任何单位或者个人有下列情形之一的，民航局有权责令其停止飞行，并视情节轻重，处以罚款：
一、民用航空器未取得适航证的；
二、民用航空器适航证已经失效的；
三、使用民用航空器超越适航证规定范围的。
第二十一条 维修民用航空器的单位或者个人，有下列情形之一的，民航局有权责令其停止维修业务或者吊销其维修许可证，并视情节轻重，处以罚款：
一、未取得维修许可证，擅自承接维修业务的；
二、超过维修许可证规定的业务范围，承接维修业务的；
三、由未取得维修人员执照的人员负责民用航空器的维修并放行的。
第二十二条 任何单位或者个人违反本条例第七条规定，擅自生产民用航空器的，民航局有权责令其停止生产，并视情节轻重，处以罚款。
第二十三条 按照本条例受到处罚的单位的上级主管机关，应当根据民航局的建议对受罚单位的主要负责人或者直接责任人员给予行政处分；情节严重，构成犯罪的，由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
第二十四条 民航局因适航管理工作的过失造成人身伤亡或者重大财产损失的，应当承担赔偿责任，并对直接责任人员给予行政处分；直接责任人员的行为构成犯罪的，由司法机关依追究刑事责任。
第二十五条 民航局从事适航管理的工作人员，利用职务之便营私舞弊的，应当给予行政处分；情节严重，构成犯罪的，由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
第二十六条 任何单位或者个人对民航局作出的罚款决定不服的，可以在接到罚款通知书之日起十五日内向民航局提请复议，也可以直接向人民法院起诉；期满不提请复议也不起诉又不执行的，民航局可以申请人民法院强制执行。
第二十七条 民航局应当在广泛征求航空工业部及各有关部门意见的基础上，制定本条例的实施细则及有关技术标准。
第二十八条 本条例由民航局负责解释。
第二十九条 本条例自一九八七年六月一日起施行。
REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR THE ADMINISTRA-TION OF THE AIRWORTHINESS OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR THE ADMINISTRA-
TION OF THE AIRWORTHINESS OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT
(Promulgated by the State Council on May 4, 1987)
Article 1
These Regulations are formulated for the purpose of ensuring safety in
civil aviation, protecting public interests and promoting the development
of civil aviation undertakings.
Article 2
All units or individuals that are engaged in the designing, manufacturing,
use and maintenance of civil aircraft (including aircraft engines and
propellers, and the same hereinafter) within the People's Republic of
China, all units or individuals that export civil aircraft to the People's
Republic of China, and all units or individuals that perform outside the
People's Republic of China maintenance services to aircraft registered in
the People's Republic of China shall abide by these Regulations.
Article 3
The administration of the airworthiness of civil aircraft denotes the
technical appraisal and supervision exercised in accordance with the
pertinent provisions of the State over the designing, manufacturing, use
and maintenance of civil aircraft for the purpose of ensuring safety in
flight.
Article 4
The Civil Aviation Administration of China (hereinafter referred to as the
"CAAC") shall be responsible for the administration of the airworthiness
of civil aircraft.
Article 5
The administration of the airworthiness of civil aircraft shall be
exercised in accordance with the prescribed airworthiness criteria and
procedures.
Article 6
Any units or individuals that intend to design civil aircraft shall, on
the strength of the document issued by the Ministry of Aeronautic Industry
for the examination and approval of the design project, apply to the CAAC
for a Certificate of Up-to-Standard Model. The CAAC shall, after receipt
of the application therefor, conduct the examination and appraisal, in
accordance with the relevant provisions, as to whether the model to be
designed is up to standard and, if the model is proved to be up to
standard, a Certificate of Up-to-Standard Model shall be issued.
Article 7
Any units or individuals that intend to manufacture civil aircraft shall
have the necessary manufacturing capacity and shall, on the strength of
the Certificate of Up-to-Standard Model as prescribed in Article 6 of
these Regulations and with the consent of the Ministry of Aeronautic
Industry, apply to the CAAC for a Manufacturing Permit. The CAAC shall,
after receipt of the application therefor, conduct examination and
appraisal, in accordance with the relevant provisions, as to whether the
applicants are qualified to obtain a Manufacturing Permit, if they are
proved to be qualified, a Manufacturing Permit shall be issued to them,
together with an Airworthiness Certificate to be issued in accordance with
the relevant provisions.
No units or individuals that have not obtained a Manufacturing Permit in
accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph may manufacture
civil aircraft, except as otherwise prescribed in the provisions of
Article 8 of these Regulations.
Article 8
Any units or individuals that have not obtained a Manufacturing Permit but
intend to manufacture civil aircraft as a result of special needs shall
apply to the CAAC for approval. Civil aircraft manufactured in accordance
with the provision in the preceding paragraph shall be examined one by one
and only after each of them is proved to be up to standard shall an
Airworthiness Certificate be issued.
Article 9
Civil aircraft may engage in flight operations only when they have
possessed an Airworthiness Certificate issued by the CAAC.
The Airworthiness Certificate issued by the CAAC shall specify the type(s)
of activities the aircraft is (are) good for, the period of validity of
the Certificate, and other conditions and restrictions required for
ensuring safety.
Article 10
If civil aircraft manufactured by units possessing a Civil Aircraft
Manufacturing Permit are to be exported as approved by the competent
authorities under the State Council, the Airworthiness Certificate for
Export shall be issued by the CAAC.
Article 11
Civil aircraft that are to fly within the People's Republic of China must
possess Nationality Registration Certificates. Civil aircraft that have
been registered in the People's Republic of China shall bear the
nationality of the People's Republic of China and shall be issued
Nationality Registration Certificate by the CAAC. Civil aircraft shall,
after obtaining a Nationality Registration Certificate, stencil on their
outer surface the identification marks of nationality registration in
accordance with the relevant provisions.
Article 12
Where any units or individuals of the People's Republic of China intend to
import any model of civil aircraft manufactured in foreign countries, and
if it is imported for the first time and to be used for civil aviation
activities, the units or individuals exporting that civil aircraft shall
apply to the CAAC for examination of the model. The CAAC shall, upon
receipt of the application, conduct the examination of the model of the
civil aircraft in accordance with the relevant provisions. If the model is
proved to be up to standard, a Certificate for Model Approval shall be
issued to permit the import.
Article 13
A foreign civil aircraft leased by any unit or individual of the People's
Republic of China may engage in flight operations only after the CAAC has
examined and approved the airworthiness certificate issued by the country
of registry of the said aircraft or only after the CAAC has issued a new
Airworthiness Certificate to the aircraft.
Article 14
Any units or individuals that have obtained Airworthiness Certificates for
their civil aircraft shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of
the CAAC and its mandates of airworthiness, use and maintain the said
civil aircraft and ensure that they are in a state of permanent
airworthiness.
Article 15
The addition or modification of a civil aircraft for which an
Airworthiness Certificate has been obtained shall be subject to the
approval of the CAAC and the essential components and accessories involved
shall be subject to the examination and approval of the CAAC.
Article 16
Any maintenance units or individuals inside or outside the People's
Republic of China that intend to undertake maintenance services for civil
aircraft registered in the People's Republic of China shall apply to the
CAAC for a Maintenance Permit. Only after the CAAC has examined their
maintenance facilities, technical personnel and quality control system,
found them up to standard and issued a Maintenance Permit may they engage
in the maintenance business activities within the scope approved.
Article 17
Maintenance technical personnel in charge of maintaining and releasing
civil aircraft registered in the People's Republic of China shall apply to
the CAAC and only after the CAAC or a unit authorized by the CAAC has
examined them and found them qualified and they have thus obtained a
Maintenance Personnel Licence or a similar certificate may they engage in
the maintenance and release of civil aircraft.
Article 18
Fees shall be charged for the examination of the airworthiness of a civil
aircraft. The amounts to be charged and relevant procedures for charging
shall be set by the CAAC in conjunction with the Ministry of Finance.
Article 19
The CAAC shall have the right to examine regularly or selectively the
units or individuals that manufacture, use or maintain civil aircraft, as
well as the civil aircraft for which Airworthiness Certificates have been
obtained. If they fail to pass the examination or selective examination,
the CAAC shall impose penalties on them in accordance with the relevant
provisions of these Regulations and may, in addition to that, revoke their
relevant documents.
Article 20
If any units or individuals that use civil aircraft for flight activities
are found in any one of the following circumstances, the CAAC shall have
the right to order them to suspend flight and impose a fine on them in
accordance with the seriousness of the case:
1. no Airworthiness Certificate has been obtained for the civil aircraft;
2. the Airworthiness Certificate of the civil aircraft has expired; or
3. the civil aircraft has been used beyond the scope prescribed in the
Airworthiness Certificate.
Article 21
If any units or individuals that maintain civil aircraft are found in any
of the following circumstances, the CAAC shall have the right to order
them to suspend the maintenance business or revoke their Maintenance
Permit and impose a fine on them in accordance with the seriousness of
case:
1. no Maintenance Permit has been obtained and yet maintenance business
has been procured without authorization;
2. maintenance business has been undertaken beyond the business scope
prescribed in the Maintenance Permit; or
3. personnel who have not obtained a Maintenance Personnel Licence have
been put in charge of the maintenance and release of civil aircraft.
Article 22
If any units or individuals, in violation of the provisions in Article 7
of these Regulations, manufacture civil aircraft without authorization,
the CAAC shall have the right to order them to suspend the manufacturing
and impose a fine on them in accordance with the seriousness of the case.
Article 23
The superior competent authorities in charge of the penalized units in
accordance with these Regulations shall, based on the proposal of the
CAAC, subject the principal persons in charge of the penalized units or
other persons directly responsible to administrative sanctions. If the
case is so serious as to constitute a crime, criminal liabilities shall be
investigated by the judicial organs in accordance with the law.
Article 24
If accidental death or bodily injury or heavy losses in property have
occurred as a result of negligence in the work of airworthiness
administration, the CAAC shall assume the liability for damages and
subject the persons directly responsible to administrative sanctions. If
the act of the persons directly responsible constitutes a crime, the
judicial organs shall investigate their criminal liabilities in accordance
with the law.
Article 25
The CAAC personnel engaged in airworthiness administration who take
advantage of their positions and powers to seek personal gains and graft
and corruption shall be subjected to administrative sanctions. If the case
is so serious as to constitute a crime, criminal liabilities shall be
investigated by the judicial organs in accordance with the law.
Article 26
Any units or individuals that do not accept the decision of the CAAC
concerning the imposition of a fine may, within 15 days of receipt of the
notice of the fine, apply to the CAAC for reconsideration or directly file
a suit with a people's court. If no application for reconsideration is
submitted or no suit is filed and yet the decision has not been executed
at the expiry of the prescribed period of time, the CAAC may apply to the
people's court for the enforcement of the decision.
Article 27
The CAAC shall, on the basis of the opinions widely solicited from the
Ministry of Aeronautic Industry and the various departments concerned,
formulate the rules for the implementation of these Regulations and the
relevant technical standards.
Article 28
The CAAC shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Regulations.
Article 29
These Regulations shall become effective as of June 1, 1987.
鹤岗市人民政府关于印发鹤岗市城乡困难群众医疗救助暂行办法的通知
黑龙江省鹤岗市人民政府
鹤岗市人民政府关于印发鹤岗市城乡困难群众医疗救助暂行办法的通知
鹤政发〔2010〕21号
各县、区人民政府，市政府各直属单位，驻鹤各单位：
经市政府十四届四十次常务会议讨论通过，现将《鹤岗市城乡困难群众医疗救助暂行办法》印发给你们，请认真贯彻执行。
二○一○年五月二十八日
鹤岗市城乡困难群众医疗救助暂行办法
第一条 为贯彻落实民政部《关于进一步完善城乡医疗救助制度的意见》（民发〔2009〕81号）文件精神，进一步加强城乡社会救助体系建设，切实缓解城乡困难群众医疗困难问题，结合我市实际，制定本办法。
第二条 医疗救助的原则
（一）量力而行、尽力而为。
（二）分类救助、区别对待。
（三）城乡一体、统筹兼顾。
（四）公开、公平、公正。
第三条 医疗救助的范围和对象
（一）城乡居民最低生活保障对象和农村五保户。
（二）城乡低收入人群中的老年人、重病人员。
（三）政府确定的其它救助对象。
第四条 医疗救助的方式和标准
（一）参险救助。全额资助全市城乡低保户、农村五保户和低收入人群中的年老、重病、重残人员参加城镇居民基本医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗。
（二）大病救助。城乡医疗救助对象中的大病患者在享受城镇居民医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗救助待遇的基础上，对实际自付部分医疗费用给予二次报销救助。无生活来源、无劳动能力、无法定赡养或抚（扶）养义务人的“三无”人员，依据国家医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗政策所规定的药品目录、诊疗项目、医疗服务设施范围，按实际自付医疗费用的60%给予救助，当年累计最高限额8000元。其它城乡医疗救助对象按实际自付医疗费用的40%给予救助，最高限额5000元。
（三）门诊救助。惠民医院和全市社区卫生服务中心为城乡困难群众就医的定点医院，免收救助对象的门诊挂号费、诊查费，减免25%处置费、护理费、心电费、化验费。对救助对象中患小病、常见病人员及急诊急救人员，在定点医院门诊治疗，按实际自付医疗费用的30%给予救助，当年个人累计享受门诊医疗救助金额最高不超过1000元。化疗、透析等大病门诊治疗适当提高救助比例和最高限额。
（四）购药救助。对城乡医疗救助对象患慢性病需要长期药物维持治疗，家庭生活特别困难未到医院治疗又无钱买药的人员，实行购药救助。救助对象持购药救助卡到定点药店和定点医院直接购药，购药救助起点为100元，救助对象个人全年累计救助最高限额1000元。
（五）特殊救助。因突发性自然灾害或不可抗拒性因素，造成困难群众患重大疾病、感染特殊疾病且家庭生活比较艰难的人员，经亲友相帮、邻里互助、区政府扶持和单位帮扶等种种办法无法解决和使其摆脱困境的，由市社会救助管理局负责调查，报领导审批。采取与《市政府十项专项资金管理试行办法》相结合的方式，给予特殊救助，救助最高限额10000元。
因违法犯罪、故意自伤自残自杀、打架斗殴、酗酒、吸毒、交通事故、医疗事故、工伤事故、产妇分娩、突发公共卫生事故、非疾病治疗项目等所发生的医疗费用不属救助范围。
第五条 医疗救助办理程序
（一）城乡困难群众医疗救助对象向户籍所在地街道办事处或乡（镇）人民政府办事机构提出申请，填写《鹤岗市城乡困难群众医疗救助申请表》并出具相关证明材料。
（二）街道办事处或乡（镇）人民政府对救助对象上报的材料应在7个工作日内进行调查、审核和公示，对符合条件的救助对象签署审核意见并上报区民政局。
（三）区民政局对上报材料进行抽查审批，将符合条件的救助对象上报市民政局复核备案，报送市财政局下拨医疗救助资金。
（四）医疗救助的调查、审核、审批、发放过程原则上不超过45天，如遇突发性急救对象，应简化程序，特事特办，由市民政局直接受理，并报请市财政局，快速施救。
第六条 医疗救助资金管理
（一）医疗救助资金采取以省级以上资金为主，地方政府匹配、提取福彩公益金和社会捐赠的办法解决。地方政府按省级资金的50%匹配，并由市、区两级财政按6：4的比例共同承担。医疗救助资金纳入本级财政部门在社会保障基金财政专户中建立的“城市医疗救助基金专帐”，专帐管理，专款专用。
（二）财政部门会同民政、卫生、劳动和社会保障部门，按时编制年度医疗救助资金预决算。市、区财政部门根据实际发生数，每季度按各自承担的比例将医疗救助资金拨入专用账户。区民政部门每季将医疗救助人数和资金发放情况报送市、区财政部门审核备案。
第七条 医疗救助的职责
（一）市民政局负责组织实施困难群众医疗救助工作，各区民政部门承担医疗救助调查、核实、审批、资金发放等具体事务。
（二）市财政局负责落实医疗救助资金的预算安排，制定救助资金管理办法，及时支付医疗救助资金，监督检查医疗救助资金的使用情况。
（三）市卫生局负责加强对提供医疗救助服务的卫生医疗机构的监督和管理，规范医疗服务行为，督促落实救助减免政策，提高医疗服务质量。
（四）市民政、劳动和社会保障、卫生等部门要加强困难群众医疗救助、城镇基本医疗保险及新型农村合作医疗的衔接配合工作，探索实行“一站式”管理服务，逐步建立医疗救助即时结算系统。
第八条 医疗救助的监督管理
（一）审计部门会同财政部门加大对医疗救助资金的财务监管、审计力度，确保医疗救助资金的拨付和支出渠道畅通，杜绝违规、违纪等现象的发生。监察部门对市、区医疗救助定点医疗机构执行落实医疗救助情况进行监督。
（二）市民政、财政、卫生、劳动和社会保障等部门对医疗救助受理和审批情况，进行不定期检查，并对检查结果在一定范围内通报。
（三）对骗取城市医疗救助资金的，由民政和监察部门负责追回，并对当事人予以批评教育，情节严重构成犯罪的依法追究刑事责任。
（四）各医疗单位要严格执行本办法的各项规定，遵守医规医德，如在诊断、治疗、处方等医疗环节有弄虚作假、徇私舞弊等行为者，卫生部门应给予严肃处理，违法者将被依法追究责任。
第九条 附则
（一）本市行政区域内的萝北县、绥滨县可参照此办法，结合当地实际，制定本县的城乡困难群众医疗救助暂行办法。
（二）本办法自颁布之日起执行，由市民政局负责解释。2007年7月24日发布的《鹤岗市城市居民最低生活保障人员医疗救助暂行办法》（鹤政发〔2007〕25号）同时废止。
附件：1.鹤岗市城乡困难群众重大疾病救助病种
2.鹤岗市城乡困难群众慢性疾病救助病种
3.鹤岗市城乡困难群众定点医院
附件：1 鹤岗市城乡困难群众重大疾病救助病种
（一）恶性肿瘤
（二）尿毒症 ( 肾衰竭 )
（三）传染性重症肝炎、肺结核
（四）急性心肌梗塞和心力衰竭
（五）急性重症胰腺炎
（六）肝硬化浮水( 肝硬化或急性肝坏死 )
（七）脑中风急性期
（八）先天性心脏病
（九）重度精神疾病
（十）红斑狼疮
（十一）强直性脊柱炎
（十二）帕金森病
（十三）严重烧伤
（十四）急性白血病或再生障碍性贫血病
（十五）艾滋病
（十六）流行性出血热
（十七）市以上人民政府确定的每年医疗费负担2 万元以上的其它疑难杂症
附件：２ 鹤岗市城乡困难群众慢性疾病救助病种
（一）高血压
（二）冠心病
（三）糖尿病
（四）慢性病毒性肝炎
（五）尿毒症透析
（六）恶性肿瘤放、化疗
（七）尿毒症
（八）肺结核
（九）脑血栓后遗症
（十）肺气肿
（十一）风湿性心脏病
（十二）肺心病
（十三）类风湿性关节炎（活动期）
（十四）系统性红斑狼疮
（十五）再生障碍性贫血
（十六）股骨头坏死
（十七）痛风
（十八）帕金森氏综合症
（十九）市级以上医院确定的其它慢性疾病
